の用法メカニカルシール高圧容器では、主に高圧のため、中圧および低圧容器よりもはるかに困難です。 高圧下で大径・高温に遭遇すると、さらに困難になります。 高温下では塑性変形しやすく、クリープしても締付ボルトが緩み、漏れやすくなります。 間違いなく、高圧容器の全体的な構造を設計するときは、最初にシーリングポートの直径をできるだけ小さくすることを検討し、設計温度で緩みや変形が起こりにくく、優れた材料を選択する必要があります。強度を確認し、適切なシーリング構造を合理的に選択して、信頼性の高いシーリングを実現します。 密閉する。
高圧容器のメカニカルシール技術、シーリングの原理とシーリング構造から、一般的な原理は次のとおりです。
1.Metal gaskets are generally used, and the specific pressure on the high-pressure sealing surface greatly exceeds the sealing specific pressure of medium and low pressure containers, and non-metallic gasket materials cannot achieve such a large sealing specific pressure. Commonly used metal gaskets for high pressure vessels are annealed aluminum, annealed copper or mild steel with good ductility.
2. 狭い面のシールが使用され、時には狭い面のシールでさえラインコンタクトシールに進化します。
3. 自己-締付けシールは強制シールよりも信頼性が高くコンパクトであるため、自己-締付けシールを実現するには、可能な限り中圧を使用してください。
There are many types of high-pressure seals, which are divided into two categories: forced seals and self-tightening seals according to their working principles. Forced sealing relies on the pre-tightening force of the connector (bolt) to ensure a certain contact pressure between the top cover of the pressure vessel, the sealing element and the end of the cylinder to achieve the purpose of sealing. Self-tightening sealing means that as the operating pressure in the pressure vessel increases, the contact pressure between the sealing element, the top cover, and the end of the cylinder also increases, thereby realizing the sealing effect. The characteristics of self-tightening seals are that the higher the pressure, the greater the pressing force of the sealing elements between the contact surfaces, and the better the sealing performance. When the operating conditions fluctuate, the sealing is still reliable, but the structure is more complicated and the manufacturing is more difficult. Self-tightening seals can also be divided into axial self-tightening seals and radial self-tightening seals according to the deformation of the sealing element.
According to the properties of the sealing material, high-pressure seals can be divided into plastic seals that cause plastic deformation of the sealing element and elastic seals that cause elastic deformation of the sealing element.
At present, the commonly used mechanical seals for pressure vessels include flat gasket seals and Kazari seals; semi-self-tightening seals include double cone seals; self-tightening seals include wedge seals, Wood seals, hollow metal O-ring seals, C-ring seals, B Ring seal, triangular pad seal, octagonal pad seal, flat pad self-tightening seal and rubber O-ring seal, etc.
In the appendix of the national standard for steel pressure vessels in my country, several commonly used mechanical seals structures are recommended based on experience and structural characteristics, which can be reasonably selected in combination with operating conditions during design.
